Combination papermaking machine



APril 1949- B. E. JAMES ETAL 2,467,556

COMBINATION PAPER MAKIENG MACHINE Filed May 29, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 U31 I8] w 0 0 8 ISHSI l8] 2 TA E fluerow 5 JAMES. fan A30 Q Base/ 4 52.

I l l l I i l l I l l l l April 19, 1949. 5 JAMES E AL 2,467,556

COMBINATION PAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed May 29, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 19, 1949 2,467,550 COMBINATION PAPERMAKING MACHINE Burton E. J antes and Edward D. Beachler, Beloit,

Wls. assignors to Belolt' Iron Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Works, Beloit,

Application my 29, 1944, Serial No. 537,894

12 Claims. (01. 92-69) The present invention relates to paper making machines which can be quickly and easily changed over for the production of different types of paper. The improvements contemplated herein have special reference to the selective driving of sections of a paper making machine to selectively produce creped paper or flat, non-creped paper commonly referred to as machine finish.

The invention will hereinafter be specifically described as embodied in a Yankee Fourdrinier paper making machine having a multiple drum drier section following the Yankee drier drum, but it is not limited to such embodiment since it is generally applicable to paper making machines for controlling the draws of paper therein.

It is the principal object of this invention to simplify the construction of a paper making machine such as contemplated herein and to improve the operation, efficiency and dependability of such paper making machine.

Also it is a principal object of this invention to provide drive control means for regulating the driving efiort transmitted to the driven sections of a paper making machine so that the draw of the paper between various sections of the machine will be properly tensioned regardless of whether the machine is producing creped paper or flat non-creped paper.

It is a further principal object of this invention to provide speed adjustable driving means for a paper making machine whereby the several sections of the machine are definitely synchronized and are driven in proper speed relation to each other. The present arrangement permits the speed of any section or sections to be changed independently of any other section or sections of the machine.

Another object of this invention resides in providing a paper making machine wherein the machine may be changed over for producing crepe paper or flat paper with no crepe merely by coupling and uncoupling the drives to certain sections of the machine.

Another object of this invention is to provide separate drives that are individual to the creping section and the reeling section of a paper making machine and to provide cooperating means for coupling these separate drives whereby to produce a fiat paper without crepe, the said means being adapted to be uncoupled to produce a creped paper. I

Another object hereof resides in providing a paper making machine wherein the paper is delivered from the forming section of the machine to a creping section and delivered therefrom to the reel section. In this connection the forming section may be considered as including a forming wire section followed by a press roll section for delivering the paper to the creping section.

It is another object of this invention to provide a. paper making machine wherein the primary top and bottom rolls of a so-called floating drier section are rotated by independent driving means that are individual thereto to permit the speeds of these rolls to be independently adjusted or regulated depending upon the tension desired on the draw of the paper from the creping section.

Additional objects, aims and advantages of the invention contemplated herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the art after the construction and operation of the combination paper making machine is understood from the within description.

It is preferred to accomplish the numerous objects of this invention and to practice the same in substantially the manner hereinafter fully described and as more particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a combination paper making machine having thereon the present improvements for producing creped paper and flat non-creped paper. This view shows the driving or rear of a Fourdrinier type of paper making machine.

Figure 2 is an enlarged top plan view of the creping section of the paper making machine with adjacent portions of the preceding press section and the succeeding drier section.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal elevation of the front end of a portion of a paper making machine embodying the present improvements, with sections omitted.

The drawings are to be understood as being more or less of a diagrammatic character for the purpose of disclosing a typical or preferred form of the improvements contemplated herein. In these drawings like reference characters identify the same parts in the different views.

The paper making machine which embodies the instrumentalities of the present invention comprises a plurality of successively arranged sections. As shown in Figure 1, these sections include a forming section A, a press section B, a crepe section C, a drier section D, and a reel section E.

The forming section A comprises the breast roll it and the couch r011 H around which rolls the forming wire 12 is trained. The forming wire is driven through the couch roll H from a motor II that is suitably coupled thereto.

The press section B (which may be considered a part of the forming section), receives the P per from the forming wire l2. The press section shown includes a plurality of sets of presses, combottom press rolls l4, l and I6 and their cooperating top press rolls l'l, one of which is shown'in Figure 3. The rolls i4, i5 and i6 are driven by individual electric motors I5, 26 and 2! that are coupled to the respective rolls. A pass of a bottom felt 22 is trained over the rolls l4, l5 and I5, and a pass of a top, or pick-up felt 23 is trained under the top press rolls-l|. The felt 23 picks up the paper from the wire l2 and the felt 22 bottoms the paper on operate therewith and convey the paper through the three presses. After-passing the nip of the last set of press rolls l5 and H the upper felt 23 carries the web on its under'surface around an idler roller 24 that directs the felt and the paper into a nip defined by a transfer roll 25 opposing a rotatable drum 26. The paper is there transferred to the drum 26 and the top felt 23 is returned to the first set of presses at the front end of the press section B, being supported in transit by a plurality of overhead rollers 21.

The pick-up felt 23 also serves to tie together the drives for the forming and press sections A with the creping section C, viz. the motors l3, I3, 20 and 2| with the motor 35. Due to this tying together of the drives by the pick-up felt, the speed of motor 13 is determined by the speed of motor 35 that drives the creping section 0. This is true because the pick-up felt 23 is held in contact with the drum 26 by the transfer roll 25, and the drum 25 is in turn, driven by the motor 35. The motors l3, I9, 20 and 2| thus become helper motors to motor 35.

The creping or crimping section C comprises the rotatable drum 26 above mentioned that is preferably a heated cylinder of the Yankee drier drum type receiving the paper directly on the cylindrical surface thereof.

As shown in Figure 2, a trunnion 26a of the drum 26 has a large sprocket 28 anchored to it that is driven by a chain 36 from a drive sprocket 29 on an end of a horizontal countershaft 3|. This countershaft 3| has a gear 32 secured to it that meshes with a gear 33 on the adjacent portion of the armature shaft 34 of a motor 35. The other end of the countershaft 3| carries a bevel gear 36 in mesh with a bevel gear 31 at the upper end of a vertical transmission shaft 38. This vertical shaft is conected at its lower end to a horizontal shaft 4| through the medium of bevel gears 39 and 40. The shaft 4| is connected through a suitable air controlled clutch device '42 to the adjacent end of the shaft 43 of a motor 44.

When the clutch 42 is open or disengaged for producing creped paper on the combination machine, the creping cylinder 26 is driven by motor 35 at a constant speed that is materially higher than the speed of the first or receiving roll of the succeeding or drier section of the machine. At this time, a generator G-l (Figure 2). driven by the motor 35, causes a regulator R-i to hold the speed of the motor 35 constant, irrespective of current variations in the motor circuit. Likewise, a generator G-2, driven by a motor 44 through a chain and sprocket connection X, causes a regulator 3-2 to hold the speed of motor constant irrespective of current variations or thefelt 23 to coload changes. However, when it is desired to produce fiat, uncreped paper. the valve V in an R2 from a speed regulator to a current regulator. While any conventional relay arrangement may be utilized to effect such transition, we have illustrated in Figure 2 a relay H3 having a coil H4 energized by a circuit including pressure switch P. S. Relay H3 has a pair of normally-closed contacts H5 which connect generator (3-2 to regulator Rr-2 and a pair of normally open contacts H6 which, when closed, apply the voltage drop across a line current potentiometer H1, connected in the supply line to motor 44, to regulator R,2. Thus the selective operation of valve V in airline L produces an operation of pressure switch P. S. and in turn the selective operation of relay H3 to connect regulator R-2 to be responsive to the voltage generator G-2 or be responsive to the voltage drop across line current potentiometer H1.

The motor shaft 43 extends through both ends of the motor housing and its end opposite the clutch 42 is coupled to an elongated main drive shaft 45 carried in a plurality of bearing supports 46. Said drive shaft 45 extends to the reeling section E at the end of the machine where it is provided with a, pulley 47. A countershaft 48, composed of two members coupled together by a clutch 48a and arranged parallel to the elongated shaft 46, has a pulley 49 at one end that is driven by means of a belt it from the pulley 41. The other end of countershaft 48 is provided with a bevel gear 5i meshed with a bevel gear 52 on the adjacent end of the elongated spindle 53 of a winding reel 54. This winding reel comprises the reel section E which is located at the delivery end of the drier section D of the paper making machine. The winding reel, however, may be positioned next to the creping section C to receive the paper direct from the drum 2% if the additional drying capacity afiorded by the drier drum sectionD is not required.

Preferably a drier section D is interposed between the drum 26 of the creping section C and the reel section E. This drier section comprises a plurality of top drying rolls 55 and bottom dry-' ing rolls 55 that are dis-posed in superposed rows and in staggered stack arrangement as shown in Figures 1 and 3, whereby the paper will traverse the drier section D in a circuitous or serpentine Path.

A top felt 57 is trained against the upper segment of the first top drier roll 55 and is directed from one to the other of the successive top rolls 55 by intermediate idler rollers 58 between the drying rolls 55. After leaving the last drier roll 55 the top felt is guided to a heated cylinder 60 by a plurality of idler rollers 53. The felt is there dried and then returned to the first top ro1l55 by the rollers 6 l.

A bottom felt 62 is trained against the lower segments of the bottom drier drums 56 and is transferred from one drum to a succeeding drum by the idler rollers 63 interposed oetween adjacent drier drums 56. After leaving the last drum 56 the bottom felt 52 is directed by idler rollers 5 04 to a heated cylinder 65 from which the bottom felt is returned to the first drier drum 58 by means of idler rollers '65.

At the receiving end of the drier section there is a primary bottomdrying drum 5'! and a primary top drying drum 68. A primary bottom felt is trained against the lower segment of the primary drying drum '5! by idler rollers I0 and II. After leaving the primary drying drum 51 the bottom felt 69 moves to a heated cylinder I2 upon a plurality of idler rollers I3 and is returned to the idler roller I0 which directs the felt to the lower segment of the primary bottom drier drum 61. A primary top felt I4 is trained against the upper segment of the primary top drier drum 58 by an idler roller 15 and after leaving this top drying drum 68 this top felt I4 is directed by idler roller I5 to a heated cylinder 11 from which it is returned to the primary top drier drum 58.

The paper, if it is to be creped, after traveling over theYankee drier drum 2-5, is removed at the lower portion of the drum by a creping doctor I8. Upon leaving the doctor I8, the paper is directed by a plurality of rollers I9 into the nip between the bottom felt "B9 and the primary bottom drier drum 51 of the drier section D. The paper shown in full line in Figure 3 is the creped type. When a machine finish paper, shown in dotted lines, is desired, the doctor I8 is not employed, but the sheet is stripped from the drum 26 and passed around the idler roller 80 in advance of the doctor and thence to the first or primary bottom drier drum B'I.

The elongated main drive shaft 45 is provided with a power take-off pulley 8| that is connected by a belt 82 to a pulley 83 on a countershaft 84 alongside the receiving end of the drier section D. This countershaft 84 is arranged with its axis parallel to the axis of the main driving shaft 45. The countershaft is made in two parts that are coupled together by a suitable clutch device 85. An end of the countershaft 84 is provided with a bevel pinion 85 driving a bevel gear 81 on the adjacent end of a transmission shaft 88. This transmission shaft has pulleys 89 and 90 secured to it around which are trained belts SI and 92, respectively. The belt BI is trained around a pulley 93 upon the extended end of the arbor 94 of a pinion 95 (Figure 3) that is meshed with a large gear 9-6 carried by the primary bottom drier drum 51. The other belt 92 drives a pulley 91a upon the arbor 91 of a pinion 98 to rotate an idler pinion 99 that is in mesh with a large gear I00 carried :by the primary top drier drum 68.

The top drier drums 55 are provided with large gears I M each meshed with an intermediate pinion I02. The bottom drier drums 56 are provided with large gears I03 that are meshed with intermediate gears I04. The gears I03 and I04 provide a gear train extending from near the receiving portion 'of the drier section to the delivery end thereof. The intermediate gears I04 are meshed with gears I02 to connect the gear train of the bottom drier drums 56 with that of top drums 55 to drive all of the drier drums at uniform speed.

One of the intermediate gears I04 (Figure 1) has its spindle I05 coupled to a shaft I05 that has a gear connection I01 with a countershaft I00 comprising two members coupled together by a clutch device I09. The end of shaft I08 opposite the gear connection I 01 has a pulley H0 that is driven by a belt III from a on the main drive shaft 45.

The pulleys 89 and 83 have tapered surfaces with the tapers extending in opposite directions. The speed or the primary bottom drier drum 6'! is controlled or regulated by shifting the belt SI upon the pulleys and 93 to increase or diminish the speed of the driven pulley 83 and hence of the drum 61. Similarly, the pulleys and 95 are oppositely tapered so that by shifting the belt 92 thereon it is possible to control and regulate the speed or the primary top drier drum In this manner the relative speeds 01' the primary drier drums 61 and B8 are controlled with respect to each other and also with respect to the remaining drier drums 55 and 5B of the drier section D. Since the drums '87 and 68 are controlled separately from the drums 55 and 55, they are known as floating driers and propulley 'I I2 vide for a desired draw adjustment in the drier section when making creped paper.

When making creped paper the floating driers are driven at different speeds since the crepe usually does not become definitely set until the paper has passed around several drier drums. Some of the crepe is usually lost while the paper is in contact with the primary bottom drum 61, thus causing an elongation of the paper strip. To take care of this elongation the next or primary top drum 68 is driven at a faster speed to make the desired draw tension in the web. Also, there is usually a loss of crepe and an elongation of the paper during engagement with the primary top drum 68, and in order to take care of this condition the remaining bottom and top drums 56 and 55 in the drier section are driven at a uniform constant speed but faster than the speed of the primary top drum 68. The crepe will have been set when the paper leaves the primary top drum 60 and the stock may pass through the drier section D at a constant speed to be delivered in a finished condition at the end thereof.

The reel 54 is driven at a slightly higher speed than the primary drier drums 61 and 68 or the drier drums 55 and 56 to produce a tight roll of creped paper wound on the reel 54. When producing flat, uncreped paper there is only a very slight elongation of the paper sheet passing through the machine, and hence the speeds of the drier drum 26 and the train of drier drums are practically the same, and the reel 54 is driven at a slightly higher speed to produce a tight roll of paper.

For making paper of the oreped type and of the flat, or machine finish type, the following comparative speeds in feet per minute are suggested:

Section Creped fif i g F. P. M F. P.

Creping or Yankee drum l, 500 00 Primary bottom drier roll 1,300 1,50l Primary top drier roll 1,305 1,501 Top and bottom drier roll trains 1, 307 i, 502 eel 1, 315 1, 505

drum speeds must be tied together when fiat paper is being produced, but relative speeds between these two drums must be greatly changed when creped paper is produced. The motors 35 and 44 respectively driving the drums are mechanically and electrically coupled for flat paper production, but are independent for creped paper production. The mere act of disengaging or engaging a clutch will set up the machines for creped paper or flat paper production.

It will, of course, be understood that various details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention and it is, therefore, not the purpose to limit the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the scope of the appended claimsl.

We claim as our invention:

1. A combination paper making machine adapted to produce creped paper or fiat paper with no crepe, which comprises a forming section; a

creping section; a drier drum section; a reel;

driving means individual to the crepingsection, the drier drum section, and the reel; mechanical means for coupling said individual driving means to produce fiat paper without crepe and to synchronize the speeds of the creping section, the drier section, and the reel; and means for actuating said coupling mechanism to uncouple said drives that are individual to the creping section and the drier drum and reel sections to produce crepe paper and drive the drier drum section and the reel independently of the creping section at any desired speed.

2. A combination paper making machine adapted to produce creped paper or flat uncreped paper, which comprises a creping cylinder section adapted to crepe the paper; a drier drumsection; a reel; a main drive shaft; a motor for said drive shaft; a countershaft directly coupling the cylinder with the main drive shaft; separate countershafts for the drier drum section and the reel; clutches having driving and driven parts interposed between said main shaft and said countershafts for coupling the cylinder, the drier drum section, and the reel to the main drive shaft to synchronize the speed of the creping section and the reel for producing flat paper, means for uncoupling the cylinder countershaft clutch to drive the reel independently of the cylinder; and another motor drive for the cylinder operable upon the uncoupling of the cylinder countershaft clutch to drive the cylinder for producing creped paper.

3. A combination paper making machine adapted to produce creped paper or fiat paper with no crepe, which comprises a forming section; a creping section; a reel; a drive for the creping section; a drive for the reel; mechanical means for coupling said drives to synchronize the speeds of the creping section and the reel when producing uncreped paper; and a device for uncoupling said drives to enable the reel to be driven independently of the creping section at any speed differentiaI required for effecting creping of said paper on said creping section.

4. Acombination paper making machine adapt- I ed to produce creped paper or uncreped paper comprising a creping section, a reel, a motor-actuated main drive shaft; means for coupling said cylinder and reel independently to said main drive shaft for synchronizin the speeds of said cylinder and reel for producing flat uncreped paper; and a drier section intermediate said creping cylinder and reel comprising primary hottom and top drums and a train or drier drums: means for coupling the train of drier drums direct to the drive shaft for driving the drums of said train at uniform speed; separate means individually coupling the primary drums to said main drive shaft; and devices for individually varying the speeds of the primary drier drums relative to each other and to the drums of said train, whereby the drier section is driven in proper relation to the creping cylinder for main-- taining the required tension on the paper between the cylinder and the drier section for producing creped paper.

5. A combination paper making machine adapted to produce creped paper or uncreped paper comprising a creping cylinder; a reel; a motor-actuated main drive shaft; means individual to the creping cylinder and the reel for coupling the same independently to the drive shaft to synchronize the speeds of said cylinder and reel for producing uncreped paper; a drier section including top and bottom drier drums between the creping cylinder and the reel, the first top and bottom drums next to said creping cylinder constituting floating driers, and the remaining drums constituting a train of drums; means coupling said train of drums to said drive shaft for driving the drums of said train at uniform speed; separate means individual to said floating driers for coupling the same independently to said drive shaft; and speed control devices for varying the speeds of said floating driers relative to each other and also relative to said creping cylinder to drive said floating driers at proper speeds tomaintain the required tension on the paper between said creping cylinder and said bottom floating drier for producing creped paper.

6. A combination paper making machine adapted to produce creped paper or uncreped paper which comprises a creping cylinder; a reel; a main drive shaft; a motor for said drive shaft; 9. countershaft directly coupling said cylinder with said main drive shaft; a countershaft for said reel; clutches interposed between said main drive shaft and said countershafts to synchronize the speed of said creping cylinder and said reel for producing uncreped paper; means for uncoupling said clutch for said cylinder countershaft to drive said reel independently of said cylinder; a second motor drive operable to drive said cylinder upon the uncoupling of said cylinder countershaft clutch; top and bottom drums providing a drier section between said creping cylinder and said reel, the flrst top and bottom drums next to said creping cylinder constituting floating driers, and the remaining drums constituting a train of drier drums; means coupling said trains to said drive shaft for driving the drums of said train at the same speed, separate means individual to said floating driers for coupling the same independently to said drive shaft; and means for predeterminately varying the speeds of said floating driers to maintain a proper tension on the paper traveling from said creping cylinder to one of said floating driers for producing creped paper.

'1. A paper machine adapted to be quickly chanically coupling and uncoupling the motors, and means for converting one of the devices into a current regulator to cause one motor to operate as a helper motor for the other motor whenever the clutch couples the motors.

8. A paper machine adapted to be quickly changed over for the production of creped paper or flat paper comprising a drum and creping section, a reel following said drum and creping section, a first electric motor driving the drum, a second electric motor driving the reel, a clutch for selectively mechanically coupling the motors, and means for converting one motor into a helper motor for the other motor whenever the motors are mechanically coupled.

9. A paper machine adapted to be quickly changed over for the production of creped paper or flat paper comprising a drum and creping section, a reel following said drum and creping section, a first electric motor driving the drum, a second electric motor driving the reel, a separate generator driven by each motor, a separate speed regulator actuated by each generator to hold the speeds of the motors constant irrespective of current variations in the motor circuits, an air operated clutch arranged to mechanically couple and uncouple the motors, and a pressure-responsive switch actuated by air pressure in the clutch to disconnect the generator driven by the second motor from the supply circuit to the speed regulator for said second motor for converting the speed regulator into a current regulator and thereby making the second motor a helper motor for the first motor whenever air closes the clutch to couple the motors mechanically.

10. A paper making machine comprising ,a forming section, a creping section, a drier drum section, a reel section, a motor for driving said creping section, a pick-up felt in drive relationship between said forming and creping sections, a helper motor driving said forming section, a third motor driving the drier and reel sections, said first and third motors being independently actuatable at selected speeds to produce desired draws of creped paper between said creping and drier drum sections, means for selectively me- 10 chanically coupling said first and third motors, and means for converting one of said first and third motors when coupled into a helper motor for the other of said coupled motors to etficiently control the paper draw between said creping section and drier section when producing fiat paper.

11. A paper making machine including a Yankee drum and a plurality of successive paper machine sections following the Yankee drum, a first motor for driving the drum, a second motor for driving the plurality of sections, adjustable drive connections between the second motor and said sections to drive the successive sections at successively increasing speeds for maintenance of proper tension in the draws of paper between the sections, a clutch for coupling said motors together, and electrical means responsive to the engagement of the clutch for changing the second motor from an independent motor into a helper motor for the first motor.

12. In a paper making machine, a forming section and a creping section, a pick-up felt in drive relationship with said sections, a motor for driving said creping section and a helper motor for said forming section, the speed of said helper motor being determined by said creping section motor through the medium of said felt.

BURTON E. JAMES. EDWARD D. BEACHLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,471,603 Headson Oct. 23, 1923 1,506,445 Rogers Aug. 26, 1924 1,840,590 Malkin Jan. 12, 1932 2,209,757 Berry July 30, 1940 2,357,201 Hornbostel Aug. 25, 194

OTHER REFERENCES Streamlining Paper Mill Design by Kurt Wandel, Paper Trade Journal, vol. 118, No. 18, May 4, 1944, pages 28-32. 

